Cipu-gbe

Cipu-gbe (Cicipu), kavi Western Acipa, yin ogbè Kainji tọn de he nọ yin dido gbọn nudi omẹ 20,000 dali to agéwaji-whèyihọ Naijilia tọn tọn. Omẹ lọ lẹ nọ ylọ yede lẹ dọ Acipu, bọ to Hausa-gbe mẹ, yé nọ yin yiylọ dọ Acipawa. ^[1]

Taidi ogbè Benue–Congo tọn susu devo lẹ, Cipu tindo tito yinkọgbe tọn he gẹdẹ de. ^[2] E tindo kọnugbe, hogbe po aliho he mẹ e nọ yin yiylọ tọ́n po he gẹdẹ yẹẹ de, gọna aliho wekún asì lẹ yiylọ to awọtínmẹgbe mẹ po de.

Diblayin Cipu-gbe dótọ lẹpo wẹ nọ dó Hausa-gbe ga. Susu to ye mẹ sọ nọ dó ogbè he tin to lẹdo yetọn mẹ lẹ.

Ogbè lẹ mimá do ogbẹ́ voovo ji

Cipu-gbe yin adà de to alà Kambari-gbe tọn tọn de to ogbè Niger–Congo tọn lẹ mẹ.

Zinjẹgbonu agọe tọn na ogbè lẹ mimá do ogbẹ́ voovo ji^[3] ze Cipu-gbe do ogbẹ́ ogbè Kamuku tọn he tin to West Kainji pa to Whèzẹtẹn-waji Acipa tọn lẹ mẹ. Etomọṣo, dodinnanu kitokito bibasi^[4]^[5] ko dohia dọ e sọgan nọma yinmọ́.

Yinkọ devo lẹ

To alọnu din, The Ethnologue ze Cipu-gbe do 'Western Acipa' ji. Etomọṣo yinkọ lọ, 'Western Acipa' ma sọ nọ yin zinzan to gbonu the Ethnologue tọn, podọ obiọ ko yin bibasi nado diọ aliho he mẹ e nọ yin kinkan do enẹ.^[6] To Hausa-gbe mẹ, ogbè lọ nọ yin alọdlẹndo di Acipanci podọ omẹ lọ lẹ nọ yin Acipawa lẹ.

Fie yé gbape gbọn lẹ

Cicipu-gbe nọ yin dido to Naijilia gbọn nudi omẹ 20,000 dali, ^[7] mehe gbape gbọn Lẹdo Gandudu Dokọ̀ tọn Sakaba tọn to Ayimatẹn Kebbi tọn mẹ podọ Lẹdo Gandudu Dokọ̀ tọn Kontagora tọn mẹ to Ayimatẹn Niger Tọn mẹ.

Akọ̀gbe lẹ/Vogbingbọn lẹ

Acipunu lẹ lọsu na yede kẹalọyi kọnugbe voovo ṣinawe taidi wunmẹ Cicipu-gbe tọn lẹ. Yinkọ akọ̀gbe lọ lẹ tọn die yin sislẹ do odò fi die (to pọmẹ hẹ lehe Hausanu lẹ nọ ylọ ye do to glọ́ndo mẹ):

Tirisino (Karishen)
Tidipo (Kadonho)
Tizoriyo (Mazarko)
Tidodimo (Kadedan)
Tikula (Maburya)
Ticuhun (Kakihum)
Tikumbasi (Kumbashi)

Aliho Wékinkan tọn

Wunmẹ hogbe lẹ didọtọ́n dopodopo tọn he gbayipe hugan to Cicipu-gbe mẹ wẹ CV, amọ́ na nugbo tọn, nudindọ̀n yẹẹ delẹ tin gando Ń po CVN po go. Sọha kleun de to yinkọgbe po nuwàgbe po nọ bẹ jẹeji po aliho hogbe lẹ didọtọ́n dopodopo tọn V tọn po. Àga yìyì po odò wiwa kọnugbe tọn po nọ sọawuhia to yinkọgbe lẹ mẹ, di apajlẹ, káayá ‘ohọ̀’ po káayà ‘ayivi’ po, sọgan e yinmọ́ na nuwàgbe lẹ (na nugbo tọn aliho hogbe lẹ yiylọ tọn he sọgbe yin nujọnu na nuwàgbe lẹ)

Wekún asì lẹ

Tafo wekún asì tọn na akọ̀gbe Tirisino tọn Cipu-gbe tọn

Cicipu-gbe tindo wunmẹ wekún asì tọn voovo ṣidopo. Wekún asì lọ lẹpo sọgan yin kandlẹ́nna kavi whegli, podọ yemẹpo wẹ tindo nugonu awọ̀ntinmẹgbe tọn lẹ. E tindo wekún awè topọ (diphthong) ẹnẹ̀: /ei/, /eu/, /ai/ po /au/ po.

Monophthong	Wekún asì nukọ̀n tọn	Wekún asì ṣẹnṣẹn tọn	Wekún asì godo tọn
Close	, iː		u, uː
Close-mid	e, eː		o, oː
Open-mid			ɔ, ɔː
Open		a, aː

Wekún asú lẹ

Tedidi wekún asú tọn nọ di yede to Cicipu-gbe mẹ, di apajlẹ, yuwo 'jai' po yuwwo 'lilẹ' po. Wekún asú depope wẹ sọgan yin dindọ̀n.

**Consonant phonemes**
		Labial	Dental kavi alveolar	Postalveolar kavi palatal	Velar		Glottal
		Labial	Dental kavi alveolar	Postalveolar kavi palatal	Plain	Labialized	Palatalized	Plain	Labialized
Plosives and affricates	Voiceless	p	t	tʃ	k	kʷ	ʔʲ	ʔ	ʔʷ
	Voiced	b	d	dʒ	ɡ	ɡʷ
	Implosive	ɓ	ɗ
Fricatives]l	Voiceless		s				hʲ	h	hʷ
Fricatives]l	Voiced	v	z
Nasals		m	n
Rhotic			ɾ
Approximants			l	j		w

Hogbe lẹ

Susu to hogbe Cicipu-gbe tọn lẹ mẹ wẹ yin hogbe whìwhé lẹ sọn Hausa-gbe mẹ. Aliho he mẹ hogbe he yin whìwhé ehelẹ nọ yin yiylọ do tọn ko diọ na ye nido mlin dopọ po aliho hodidọ tọn Cicipu-gbe tọn po, pataki to wekún asì lẹ mẹ.

Tito Wékinkan tọn

Cicipu-gbe ma ko to yinyin kinkandai to alọnu, etomọṣo aliho wékinkan tọn de ko yin awuwiwlena, podọ alọnuwe sọha de ko yin titobasina bo ko to yinyin mimapé.^[8]

Sọ Pọ́n

Alọdlẹndonu lẹ

↑ Blench, Roger. The Kamuku languages.
↑ McGill, Stuart. 2007. The Cipu noun class system. Journal of West African Languages, 34(2), 51-90.
↑ Williamson, Kay and Roger M. Blench. 2000. Niger–Congo in African languages: an introduction, 11-42. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
↑ Dettweiler, Steve and Sonia Dettweiler. 2002. Sociolinguistic survey (level one) of the Kamuku language cluster [Originally written in 1992]..
↑ McGill, Stuart. 2007. The classification of Cicipu. Unpublished manuscript.
↑ "The name of the Cicipu language". Archived from the original on 2011-07-25. Retrieved 2022-03-22.
↑ CAPRO Research Office. 1995. Kingdoms at war. Jos: CAPRO Media.
↑ McGill, Stuart (ined). Some orthographic challenges for Cicipu. West Kainji Language Workshop, Safara Motel, Kontagora, 10 -12 March 2008, pp. 2-3.

[1] Blench, Roger. The Kamuku languages.

[2] McGill, Stuart. 2007. The Cipu noun class system. Journal of West African Languages, 34(2), 51-90.

[3] Williamson, Kay and Roger M. Blench. 2000. Niger–Congo in African languages: an introduction, 11-42. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

[4] Dettweiler, Steve and Sonia Dettweiler. 2002. Sociolinguistic survey (level one) of the Kamuku language cluster [Originally written in 1992]..

[5] McGill, Stuart. 2007. The classification of Cicipu. Unpublished manuscript.

[6] "The name of the Cicipu language". Archived from the original on 2011-07-25. Retrieved 2022-03-22.

[7] CAPRO Research Office. 1995. Kingdoms at war. Jos: CAPRO Media.

[8] McGill, Stuart (ined). Some orthographic challenges for Cicipu. West Kainji Language Workshop, Safara Motel, Kontagora, 10 -12 March 2008, pp. 2-3.

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